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15.3* Time-Independent Degenerate Perturbation Theory. F-fold degeneracy; perturbation removal effect; quadratic Stark effect; conditions of validity. Let us employ perturbation theory to investigate the Stark effect. Suppose that a hydrogen-like atom [i.e., either a hydrogen atom, or an alkali metal atom (The Stark effect is the shift in atomic energy levels caused by an external electric field. There are various regimes to consider.